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St Peter's majestic Basilica at the Vatican, Rome |
Barely
a week ago, we commemorated the dedication of the Mother Church
of the Catholic Church, St John Lateran. Today we commemorate the dedication of
two other major basilicas combined together, St Paul outside the walls and St
Peter’s basilica, known as the Vatican. These dedications are important because
they symbolize in a way the birth and baptism of each edifice.
When
the early persecutions ended in 313 AD by King Constantine, he later built a
basilica over the tomb where St Peter was buried. It lasted almost a thousand
years, and the reconstruction of the original building started in the 14th
century. The present Basilica, an ingenious structure built with the
collaboration of Michelangelo, Bramante, Carlo Moderno, Giovanni Pannini and
Bernini was officially consecrated on November 18 1626 by Pope Urban VIII. It
is by far the most imposing and impressive church in all of Christendom, where
major celebrations, elections of Popes, funerals, Canonizations etc, are held.
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Basilica of St Paul outside the walls, Rome |
The
Basilica of St Paul was started by Valentinian II on the Via Ostiense in 386,
on the place where St Paul was buried. It was subsequently modified by Pope
Gregory the Great in the 6th century. It has a graceful cloister
that was built in the 13th century. Of all the churches of Rome, it
had preserved its primitive character for 1435 years.
However
a negligent fire destroyed it in 1823 and the new and present Basilica was
built in the 19th century and consecrated on December 10, 1854 by
Pope Pius IX. The whole world contributed to its reconstruction. The Viceroy of Egypt
sent pillars of alabaster, the Emperor of Russia the
precious malachite
and lapis lazuli
of the tabernacle. The work on the principal facade, looking toward the Tiber, was completed by
the Italian Government, which declared the church a national monument. Pope
Pius IX ruled that both Basilicas will have their dedication celebration
together, on November 18. Both churches are majestic in appearance, but also
very imposing in their stature as two of the 4 major basilicas in Rome.